Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez

Muy pobre pero Alegre y Feliz (Very Poor but Cheerful and Happy)

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez in Ciudad Saucillo Chihuahua Mexico(1960)

El Paso, Texas

March 12, 2009

Raul Isai Munoz

Palo Alto College

History 1302 - Spring 2009

 

INTRODUCTION
TRANSCRIPTION
SPANISH
TRANSCRIPTION
ANALYSIS
TIMELINE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHOTO GALLERY

 

INTRODUCTION

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez was born in a ranch 30 miles away from Delicious Chihuahua Mexico on November 8, 1943 where he spent most of his childhood. His mother, Maria Gonzalez de Terrazas, gave birth to Manuel with only the help of Demetrio Terrazas Manquero, her husband and father of Manuel. Manuel was the third of four children from a very humble Catholic home; he left Catholicism and became a Christian later on in life. On January 19, 1951 Manuel's father who worked on the field, drowned in a water canal used to irrigate the fields because he suffered from an epileptic attack. Manuel was only eight years old when he lost his father. In 1952 at the age of nine he began to take care of cows for money at the same ranch his father worked. In 1956, after several years working in the field and taking care of cattle he decided to try his luck in the city of Delicias Chihuahua Mexico where he worked for Pepsi Cola and at a bus station. In 1960, Manuel moved back to the ranch where he was born to serve his mandatory year in the National Military. In January 18, 1961, Maria Gonzalez de Terrazas, mother of Manuel, passed away almost ten years after the death of her husband. As Manuel stood in front of his mother's casket his uncle, brother of Manuel's mom, told him not to forget that he would have to pay him back the money spent on the burial. As soon as Manuel finished his mandatory service he moved to Lagunitas Chihuahua Mexico to work in the fields once again. In Lagunitas Chihuahua Mexico, Manuel realizes that life in the field was not for him and in 1963 moves to Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico. On March 14, 1964, at the age of 20, Manuel joins the Mexican Military and stayed active for four years. In the military he traveled to several parts of Mexico including Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico in 1967 for the formal return of "El Chamizal" to Mexico and to the capital of Mexico in 1968 for the Olympic Games. He left the Military that same year but he loved playing the trumpet so much that he joined La Banda de Guerra del Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Industria Cinematografica Similares y Conexas De La Repulica Mexicana also refered too as S.T.I.C. and contiened to play his trumpet. In 1968, he began to work in a movie theater where he worked for 23 years. Manuel was very passionate about his job and worked his way up from doing the cleaning of the theater to becoming the supervisor of several theaters. In 1969, Manuel met Carmen Pérez Acosta in Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua. In 1971, Manuel married Carmen Perez Acosta who he had six children with. In 1978 the film "Mil Millas al Sur" is released, film in which Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez plays a small role. In 1991, Manuel migrated to the United States of America in search of a brighter future for his children. Now at the age of 65 Manuel enjoys spending time at his home fixing the house around and learning how to play several instruments like the violin and the accordion. Manuel also spends time with all his children and his grandchildren who love him very much.

 

 

TRANSCRIPTION

Where and when were you born?
I was born on the November 8, 1948, in a ranch near the city of Delicias Chihuahua Mexico.

Did you grow up there?
Yes…

What were the living conditions like in the ranch where you were born?
Very sad, very hard…

What did you wish for the most for your future?
First of all I wanted to leave the state of poverty and live a more comfortable and calm life.

What were your plans to be able to achieve that kind of life?
My plans were to find a way to get out of that poverty, find something better, and earn more to live a better life.

How old were you when you left the ranch where you were born?
What can I tell you… I must have been about 13 or 14 years old.

Why did you leave the ranch?
For the same reason I just explained, I wanted a new horizon.

What kind or relationship did you have with your parents?
What can I tell you… I can't say much about my father due to the fact that he died when I was only 8 years old. My mother, well she was a good mother, very energetic but she was all I had because after the death of my father, my mother, we can say, she separated us. My mother's siblings took my older sister and my youngest brother to live with them. I was the only one who stayed with my mother.

How did your father pass away?
Look my father drowned in a sequia, a sequia is a small canal used to irrigate the fields. He suffered an epileptic attack and died. He drowned.

What did you feel when your siblings left?
Well what can I tell you… I don't remember exactly what I felt because I was very young, I felt a great amount of sadness, naturally because my father had just passed away and we were all separated, but in those years whatever your mother or father ordered had to be done and that was it.

After the death of your father how did you and your mother earn money?
Well look when my father died, my father's boss promised my mother to support her, like give her a little amount of money until I was older, then when I was old enough he was going to give me a piece of land to cultivate to help sustain us, thing that never happen because the following year he was killed.

Why was he killed?
Well look it is believed that it was his political adversary, since the gentlemen had been presidente municipal de Cd. Delicias Chihuahua [presidente municipal is like a mayor] and there must have been something the opposite party didn't like and they killed him.

What happen to you and your mother after the gentleman was murdered?
Good question, after he was killed I had to work at the age of nine taking care of cows, which was all I could do. I received 20 pesos a week.

Until what grade did you attend school?
Another good question, what can I say, look if I made it to second grade that's a lot, because I just kind of studied, kind of, most of the time I just went to school to get the homework due to the fact that I had to work. I did not have the privilege to study like you all.

Picture of Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez taken on January 27, 1970 at the age of 26. Back part of the picture. Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez didicated this picture to his sister and signed it on the back, it reads, With all my affection to my sister and family from your brother the crazy one

What was the house you lived in during your childhood like?
Oh look the house, how can I tell you, was a room, what can I say, I'll explain in meters I don't know feet, in meters it was about 4x4, four walls almost falling apart.

After working taking care of cows what else did you do for a living?
After taking care of cows, well I began to work in the fields, I went from taking care of cows to working in the fields; there was nothing else.

And after working in the fields, what did you do?
Well how can I tell you, I always dreamed of leaving the state of poverty so then after working in the fields I moved to the city where I worked for a while but when I turned 18 I had to move back to the ranch to serve one mandatory year in the National Military, In Mexico there was a mandatory military service for one year, I returned to the ranch to offer my service to the nation.

Rogelio Alvarado far left,Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez second from the left, Saul Torres third from the left, Roberto Ortega far right, Spending time together during their free time while they were serving their mandatory year in the National Military in Saucillo Chihuahua Mexico (1960) Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez far right, Guadalupe Amarez far left, and Sotelo Garcia middle. Last day in base located in Ciudad Saucillo Chihuahua Mexico after serving their mandatory year in the National MIlitary (1961)

After serving the mandatory year in the National Military, what did you do?
After serving I moved to Lagunitas Chihuahua Mexico where I returned to work in the fields.

And your mom? How did she sustain herself if you were not with her anymore?
My mother stayed in the ranch, by that time her daughter, my sister, lived close. My sister took care of my mother.

After working in the fields of Lagunitas Chihuahua Mexico, what did you do?
Look during that time I realized that the life in the fields was not for me, then around there someone gave me the tip that I could make it the military, they would feed me, give me something to drink, pay me, prepare me, and they were going to educate me.

How old were you when you voluntary joined the military and in what city did you join?
Look when I heard the tip I must have been 20 years old. I moved to Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico as so as possible and that is where I enlisted in the military at the age of 20 or 21.

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez giving a demostratio on personal defense with his weapon in Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico in March of 1965

What was the military life like?
For me, it was good, very pleasant due to the fact that everything they said they would do for me they did, they educated me. The little that I learned was enough for me. They supported me; they prepared me to continue fighting in life, to pursue my dream of leaving poverty; the thing that I wanted the most.

What didn't you like about the military?
Well there were a couple of things I didn't like, one of them was that anyone, even if they did not deserve respect, had to be respected due to the simple fact that they had a high rank that is what I did not like about the military?

What parts of Mexico did you visit while you were in the military?
Well many parts of Mexico, I was in Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua, Ciudad Madera Chihuahua, Torreon, most of the pacific cost, Culiacan Sinaloa, Sonora, Mexico federal district etcetera.

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez and Pedro Estrada Munoz in Madera Chihuahua Mexico where he was stationed (1965)

While you were in the military, what memories pop up in your head?
Well the ones that pop up in my head are the ones from Ciudad Madera Chihuahua that is one of the parts that I remember well because that is when we eliminated La Liga 23 de Septiembre. One of the good memories that I have is the official return of el Chamizal in 66 or 67 around there, it was a beauty; all of the Mexican air force flew over Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua. Another of the events that I remember the most well was the Olympics that took place in Mexico in 1968.

Why did the Chamizal have so much significance?
Well El Chamizal had lots of significance to Mexico because it was part of the nation. Throughout time El Rio Grande, because of the rain, we can say, began to change course and the divisional line between the two nations was lost. The United States invaded Mexican territory, not because they wanted to invade but because nature began to push that piece of Mexican land into the United States. Government officials began to notice and talked till they came up with an agreement to return the Mexican piece of land, many years later, to its rightful owner.

You said you were in the Olympics that took place in Mexico? What did the military do there? Why was the military there?
Well the military was there, I'll tell you why, for two reasons, the first was because there was an Olympic platoon; they were preparing to participate in the presentation of the Olympics. Previously, President Dias Ordaz had gone to Ciudad Chilpancingo Guerrero to, well to visit, and he was asked if he could give them a university, the president couldn't. He did not want to compromise himself with a university because he already had the compromise with the world to host the games. The students became angry at the situation and tried to boycott the Olympics at whatever cost and tried to destroy the Sede Olímpica. Students manifested and began to throw home-made bombs "bombas Molotov" towards la Sede Olímpica with intensions of destroying it. Naturally, the soldiers that were inside the Sede Olímpica asked their superiors for help. That was when we were sent to stop the manifestoes which were manifesting with bad intentions since they were attacking La Sede Olímpica. A commander showed up and said, this group follow me and we got on the jeeps and went to Ciudad de la Plaza de las Tres Culturas There we were arranged strategically and were told to fire when the order was given, we had to stop the manifestation and that is exactly what we did. I remember I closed my eyes and began to fire, we were only about 40 feet away from the crowd. How many died? Who knows? Because right after we were told to draw back. I can tell you one thing for sure; I never knew how many died. I did hear stories of fellow soldiers were they mentioned that lifeless bodies were being pick up in truck loads and were sent to dig outs were they were buried.

(Front) Copy of identification card used to withdraw money from the bank (Back) Copy of identification card used to withdraw money from the bank

While you were watching everything that was going on around you, did you get scared?
No, I wasn't scared, I was angry because of the way they were attacking my companions who were defenseless and unarmed.

In what year did that occur?
On October 2 1968.

In year did you finish your military service and what did you do for a living afterwards?
I retired on November 16, 1968. When I was being released from my duties I was asked what I wanted to do once I became a civilian and I told them I wanted to work in a movie theater. The military recommended me for the job and soon after I began to work as an extra.

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez left and co-worker Humberto Lazas Holguin in Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico in Avenida 16 de Septiembre Dec. 5 1968 This is the back part of the picture where Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez wrote the information about the picture

What did you like the most and the least about working in the theaters?
What I liked the most was the ambient,the pay and and the opportunity to participate in the film "Mil Millas al Sur". What I did not like was that when you started working there "El Sindicato" did not pay you, in other words you worked for free in order to accumulate points to earn the actual job. My dream to work in the theater was so great that it was worth it.

Newspaper talking about the party for the release of Mil Millas al Sur a film in which Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez played a role Newspaper talking about the party for the release of Mil Millas al Sur a film in which Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez played a role Newspaper talking about the party for the release of Mil Millas al Sur a film in which Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez played a role

How old were you when you met your wife and where did you meet her?
I was about 25 years old and I met her in the same ambient, due to the fact that a year after I began working where I worked as an extra.

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez and his girlfriend Carmen Perez Acosta at a family party on April 1970.

How long did you date her before getting married?
I dated her about one year before getting married.

May the 1st, in Mexico is El dia del Trabajo, which is like America's labor day. The parade took place in Downtown Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico, In this picture several members of S.T.I.C.'s Banda de Guerra apear in the picture along with Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez 3rd from the right and his girlfriend Carmen Perez Acosta 4th from the right Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez with his girlfriend Carmen Perez Acosta outside an ice-cream shop called Neveria Acapulco on May 1, 1970 after a parade in Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez far right, Carmen Perez Acosta second from the right, third from left,fellow member of La Banda de Guerra del Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Industria Cinematografica Similares y Conexas de la Republeca Mexicana also known as S.T.I.C.,and to the far left stands the boss of the members of the band

Where and how did you propose to your wife?
Well I don't remember how I proposed to her but we were such good friends that I just simply asked and she said yes, but first I would have to ask for her parent's consent.

When and where did you get married?
I got married on January 9 through civil court and on January 15 through the church in the year of 1971 in Ciudad Juarez Chihuahua Mexico.

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez and his wife Carmen Perez de Terrazas after their wedding on January 9, 1971.

How many children did you have with your wife and what did it mean to you to be a father?
We had 6 kids, 2 boys, Rodolfo and Demetrio and 4 girls, Maria, Magdalena, Lidia, and Eva Alejandra. Being a father meant a whole lot to me because I always had the illusion to have a big family so I could have lots of grandchildren once I was old.

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez and Carmen Perez de Terrazas sitting down surrounded their children during a family reunion at Demetrio Terrazas' home. From the right: Rodolfo Terrazas,Eva Alejandra Terrazas, Lidia Terrazas, Magdalena Terrazas, Maria Terrazas, and Demetrio Terrazas

What motivated you to move to the United States of America?
Well, I never planned to migrate to The United States but my wife's purse was stolen where she the children's local passports. Local passports are used only to visit foe 72 hours and can only go as far as 30 miles away from the border. When my wife and I tried to process the local passports; they were denied to us due to the fact that my wife's mother was of American Nationality, we were recommended to process the documents to acquire the residency which were approved.)

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez's Formula 13, This document was Manuel's local permit to enter the United States. With this permit he could not stay in the nation for longer than 72 hours and couldn't go futher than 30 miles away from the border. Back part of Formula 13

Is the process for acquiring the proper documentation for the residency long?
Well it all depends, the process can take from 8 months to 8 years, and unfortunately we had to wait eight years.

Was life in Mexico different than life in the United States?
Oh yes, very! Well at least for me, it was like a new world. Life in the United States was and to this very day continues to be very difficult for me.

Why do you think life in the United States is so hard for you?
Well first of all because I was already an adult when I came to the country and it became hard to adapt to the American culture. In Mexico, I had served in the military and I had a very good job but when I came to this nation all of that didn't matter. I had to start all over and to this day I continue to fight and struggle in life.

Do you think that your descendents have been more prosperous in this nation?
Yes, without a doubt. They have had the privilege to study and prepare themselves for the future.

What have been your greatest accomplishments?
Well leaving poverty was something I always wanted and I also wanted to work in the theater, I was able to do both. Another accomplishment, which I'm very proud of, was being able to travel to all parts of Mexico an accomplishment that was possible because I was part of the Mexican Military.

What advice would you give to future generations?
Well I would advice them to enjoy life because we only live once, life is too short to concentrate in bad events that we have to go through at times. To live a straight life staying away from all the bad things that this world was to offer and to keep away from problems. Do not intrude in other people's life and don't care what people say just live your life.

Is there anything else you would like to add to this interview?
Man, Technology sure changes! When i worked in the theaters the movies used to be in large rolls of film and now one can make a movie by simply pressing a couple of keys on the computer just like you did with this interview. Before, we used huge pojectors in the theater that were equipted with a big and powerful carbon lamp to iluminate the film. Technology has changed alot.

 

SPANISH TRANSCRIPTION

¿Donde y cuando nació usted?
Yo nací el día 8 de Noviembre, en un rancho del Municipio de Ciudad Delicias Chihuahua, en el año 1948.

¿Usted creció ahí?
Si…

¿Cómo eran las condiciones de vida en el rancho donde usted nació?
Muy tristes, Muy difíciles…

¿Qué es lo que usted anhelaba para su futuro?
Yo anhelaba pues, salir de la pobreza antes que nada, y tener una vida más cómoda y calmada.

¿Cuáles eran sus planes para lograr tener esa vida?
Mis planes eran buscar la forma de salir de ahí, esa pobreza, e encontrar algo más digno, más decoroso, que ganara más para vivir una vida mejor.

¿Cuántos años tenía cuando dejo el rancho donde nació?
Pues que le diré, tenía más o menos 13 o 14 años de edad.

¿Porque se fue del rancho?
Por lo mismo que te acabo de decir anteriormente, porque quería nuevos horizontes.

¿Qué tipo de relación tenia con sus padres?
Pos que te podre decir, de mi padre no te digo mucho, puesto que murió cuando yo tenía solo 8 anos, de el nada. De mi madre, pues fue una muy buena madre, muy enérgica pero era todo lo que me quedaba por que cuando mi padre murió, mi madre pues digamos, nos repartió a nuestros familiares, hermanos de mi madre se llevaron a mi hermana la mayor con una y a mi hermano menor con otra. Yo me quede con mi madre solo.

¿Como falleció su padre?
Mira mi padre se ahogo en una sequia, una sequia es un canal chico que se utiliza en el campo para regar las labores, el padecía de ataques epilépticos y pues murió, se ahogo.

¿Que sintió usted en el momento que sus hermanos se fueron?
Pues que te diré. No recuerdo exactamente que sentí puesto que estaba yo muy pequeño, sentí yo mucha tristeza, naturalmente porque mi papa había muerto y todos se fueron, pero en aquellos años lo que decía la madre o el padre, eso se tenía que hacer no había más.

¿Después de que falleció su padre, como le hacían para ganar dinero?
Bueno mira cuando murió mi padre, el patrón de mi padre le prometió a mi madre mantenerla, o sea darle un poco de dinero digamos hasta que yo fuera mayor de edad, entonces cuando yo cumpliera edad, el nos iba a dar un pedazo de tierra para sembrar y seguir subsistiendo de esa tierra, cosa que no se llevo a cabo porque al siguiente año lo mataron a él.

¿Porque lo mataron?
Bueno mira se cree que fue el contrincante político de él, puesto que ese señor había sido presidente municipal de Cd. Delicias Chihuahua y algo no le pareció al bando opuesto y lo mataron…

¿Qué fue de usted y su madre después que mataron al señor?
Buena pregunta, después de que lo mataron fue cuando tuve que trabajar yo a la edad de 9 anos cuidando vacas que era lo que me pudieron dar y recibía un sueldo de 20 pesos por semana.

¿Hasta qué grado fue usted a la escuela?
Otra buena pregunta, que te diré, mira si llegué al segundo año fue mucho, puesto que medio estudiaba, medio, casi solo iba a la escuela a que me dieran la tarea por decir así puesto que tenía que trabajar. No tuve ese privilegio que han tenido ustedes de estudiar.

¿Cómo era la casa en la que vivía usted en su niñez?
Ay mira la casa, como te digo, era un cuartito, que te pondré, te lo voy a poner en metros no se en pies, en metros pueden ser 4x4, unas cuatro paredes cayéndose casi, el cuarto.

¿Después de trabajar cuidando vacas, en que empezó a trabajar?
Después de cuidar a las vacas pues empecé a trabajar en el campo, Salí de cuidar vacas a trabajar en el campo, no había otra.

¿Y después de Trabajar en el campo, que hizo?
Bueno como te digo, en la vida anhele salir de la pobreza entonces después de trabajar en el campo me fui a la ciudad donde trabaje un tiempo pero cuando cumplí los 18 años de edad me tuve que regresar al campo a prestar mi servicio Militar Obligatorio, en México había lo que era un servicio militar obligatorio por un ano, me regrese al campo a cumplir con el compromiso moral de prestar mi servicio a la nación.

¿Después de servir el ano obligatorio en el Ejército Nacional que es lo que hizo?
Después de servir me mude a Lagunitas Chihuahua México donde volví a trabajar en el campo.

¿Y su madre? ¿Cómo se mantenía si usted ya no estaba con ella?
Mi madre se quedaba en el rancho, ella se quedaba en el rancho puesto que para ese tiempo su hija, mi hermana, vivía cercas; Mi hermana se hacía cargo de mi madre.

¿Después de trabajar en el campo de Lagunitas Chihuahua México que hizo usted?
Mira en ese tiempo me di cuenta que la vida de el campo no era para mí, entonces por ahí alguien me dio el "tip" de que en el ejercito la podía hacer yo, puesto que ahí me iban a dar de comer, me iban a dar de beber, me iban a pagar, me iban a preparar, y me iban a educar.

¿Cuántos años de edad tenía usted cuando ingreso al ejército por su propia voluntad y en qué ciudad sucedió esto?
Mira cuando me dieron el "tip" yo tenía más o menos unos 20 anos. Me Fui a Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua México lo más pronto posible y ahí me enliste en el ejercito a la edad de 20 o 21, por ahí.

¿Cómo era la vida en el ejército?
Para mí fue muy bonita, muy placentera puesto que todo lo que me habían dicho que podían hacer por mi lo hicieron, me educaron. Lo poco que me educaron fue bastante para mí. Me sostuvieron, me prepararon para seguir luchando en la vida, para seguir mi sueño de dejar la pobreza, lo que yo más quería.

¿Qué era lo que no le gustaba del ejército?
Bueno había varias cosas que no me gustaban, una de ellas era que cualquier persona, aunque el respeto lo se lo merecieran tenían que ser respetados por el simple hecho que tenían un rango más alto, eso era lo que no me gustaba del ejercito.

¿Qué lugares de México visito mientras usted estuvo en el ejército?
Pues muchas partes de México, estuve en Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua, Ciudad Madera Chihuahua, Torreón, La mayor parte de la costa pacífica, Culiacán Sinaloa, Sonora, México Distrito federal etcétera.

¿Mientras usted estuvo en el ejército, cuales son las memorias que mas llegan a su mente?
Bueno, las que más brincan en mi mente son Cd. Madera Chihuahua que fue un cuartelazo que dieron un grupo de personas. Atacaron el cuartel de Cuidad Madera Chihuahua, esa es una de las partes que si recuerdo muy bien porque participé en esa, eliminamos La Liga 23 de Septiembre. Una de las buenas memorias que tengo es la de la entrega oficial de el Chamizal en el 66, 67 más o menos que fue una chulada, estaba toda la fuerza aérea Mexicana volando en Cd. Juárez Chihuahua. Otro de los acontecimientos que más recuerdo pues fue el hecho de las olimpíadas en México en 1968.

¿Porque tenía tanto significado el Chamizal?
Bueno el
Chamizal tenía mucho significado para México porque era parte de la nación. A través del tiempo El Rio Grande, por las lluvias, digamos, se fue cambiando su curso y perdió la línea divisora entre los dos países. Los Estados Unidos estaban invadiendo territorio Mexicano, no porque ellos quisieron invadir sino porque la naturaleza, se fue quedando ese pedazo de tierra Mexicana en Estados Unidos. Se fueron dando cuenta los oficiales de gobierno y platicaron y llegaron a un acuerdo de regresar el pedazo de tierra mexica, pero muchos anos después, a quien le correspondía.

¿Dijo que usted estaba presente en las Olimpiadas celebradas en México? ¿Que hizo el ejercito allá? ¿Porque estaba el ejército presente?
Bueno el ejercito estuvo ahí, te voy a decir porque, por dos razones, la primera era porque había un pelotón olímpico, se estaba preparando para participar en le presentación de las olimpiadas. Previamente el presidente Días Ordaz había ido a la Ciudad de Chilpancingo Guerrero pues a visitar, ahí le pidieron que si les podía dar una universidad, cosa que el presidente no podía, no quería echarse el compromiso de prometerles que se las hacia porque tenía el compromiso mundial de las olimpíadas. Entonces los estudiantes se enojaron y trataron de boicotear a toda costa las olimpiadas e intentaron destruir la Sede Olímpica. Hicieron manifestaciones y empezaron a aventar bombas molotov hacia la Sede Olímpica tratando de destruirla a toda costa. Los soldados que estaban dentro de la Sede Olímpica pidieron ayuda a sus superiores, naturalmente. Ahí fue cuando nos mandaron a nosotros a parar a todos los manifestantes, que no eran manifestantes en buena onda puesto que estaban atacando la Sede olímpica. Llego un comandante y dijo todo este grupo acompáñeme y abordamos los jeeps y nos llevaron a la Ciudad de la plaza de las tres culturas y ahí estratégicamente nos instruyeron y nos dijeron que a la voz de fuego y a la voz de fuego había que parrar la manifestación y eso hicimos. Yo nomas me acuerdo que cerré los ojos y comencé a disparar, estábamos como unos 40 pies lejos de la miltitud. ¿Cuántos murieron? quien sabe. Porque inmediatamente nos dijeron que para atrás y nos fuimos para atrás nosotros. Una cosa si se te decir. Yo nunca supe cuantos murieron. Yo oí historias de soldados compañeros donde mencionaron que estaban recogiendo cuerpos sin vida en montones y subiéndolos a tracas para ser llevados a una fosa para ser enterrados.

¿Al ver todo lo que sucedía a su alrededor, sintió usted miedo?
No, no me dio miedo me dio mucho coraje por la forma en que estaban atacando a mis compañeros indefensos que estaban desarmados.

¿En qué año fue eso?
El 2 de Octubre de 1968.

¿En qué año se retiro del ejército y a que se dedico después de su retiro?
Me retire el 16 de Noviembre de 1968. Cuando yo estaba pidiendo mi retiro, me preguntaron a que me iba a dedicar en la vida civil y les dije que me gustaría trabajar en el cine. El ejército me recomendó para trabajar en el cine de extra donde yo empecé a trabajar y después participe en la película "Mil Millas Al Sur".

¿Qué era lo que más le gustaba y lo que menos le gustaba de trabajar en el cine?
Lo que más me gustaba era el ambiente, el sueldo y la oportunidad de participa en la pelicula "Mil Millas al Sur". Lo que no me gustaba era que cuando empezabas a trabajar para el sindicato todo era para acumular meditos para obtener un trabajo de planta, ósea no nos pagaban, pero era tan grande mi anhelo trabajar en el cine, valía pena el sacrificio.

¿Cuántos años tenía cuando usted conoció a su esposa y donde la conoció?
Tenía más o menos 25 anos y la conocí en el mismo ambiente, puesto que ella al siguiente año empezó a trabajar donde yo trabajaba como extra.

¿Cuánto tiempo anduvieron de novios antes de casarse?
Anduvimos de novios como un año antes de casarnos.

¿Dónde y cómo le propuso matrimonio a su esposa?
Bueno, no me acuerdo como le propuse matrimonio, pero como éramos tan buenos amigos simplemente se lo propuse y ella dijo que sí, pero primero tendría que pedir el consentimiento de sus padres.

¿Cuando y donde se caso?
Me case el 9 de Enero por el civil y el 15 de Enero por la iglesia en el año 1971 en la Ciudad de Juárez Chihuahua México.

¿Cuánto hijos tuvieron usted y su esposa y que significo ser padre para usted?
Tuvimos 6 hijos, 2 hombres, Rodolfo y Demetrio y 4 mujeres, María, Magdalena, Lidia, y Eva Alejandra. Ser padre significo mucho para mí porque siempre fue mi ilusión tener una familia grande para tener muchos nietos ya de grande.

¿Que lo motivo a inmigrar a los Estados Unidos de América?
Bueno, nunca tuve planes de inmigrar a los Estados Unidos pero el bolso de mi esposa fue hurtado y en el ella tenía los pasaportes de cruce local de nuestros hijos. Los pasaportes de cruce local son utilizados únicamente para visitar por solo 72 horas y no más de 30 millas de la frontera. Cuando yo y mi esposa intentamos tramitar otros pasaportes locales nos los negaron por el hecho de que la madre de mi esposa es de nacionalidad Americana y nos recomendaron que tramitáramos los papeles para residencia cuales fueron aprobados.

¿Es largo el trámite de los papeles para la residencia?
Bueno todo depende, el tramite puede durar de 8 meses a 8 anos, lamentablemente nosotros tuvimos que esperar los 8 anos.

¿Era muy diferente la vida en México comparada con la vida en los Estados Unidos?
O si claro, mucho! Bueno al menos para mí, era como un mundo nuevo. La vida en los Estados Unidos fue y sigue siendo muy difícil para mí.

¿Porque piensa que la vida en los Estados Unidos es tan difícil para usted?
Bueno primeramente porque llegue a los Estados Unidos ya de adulto y fue muy difícil adaptarme a la cultura Americana. Yo en México había servido en el ejército y tenía muy buen trabajo pero al llegar a esta nación todo eso no importo, tuve que comenzar de nuevo y hasta este día sigo batallando y luchando en la vida.

¿Cree usted que sus descendientes han prosperado en esta nación?
Si claro que si, ellos han tenido el privilegio de estudiar más y prepararse para el futuro.

¿Cuáles han sido sus logros más grandes?
Bueno salir de la pobreza fue algo que siempre anhele y trabajar en el cine fue algo que siempre quise hacer y logre hacer las dos cosas. Otro logro de cual estoy muy orgulloso es haber viajado a todas partes de México, logro que fue posible por haber pertenecido al ejercito de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.

¿Qué consejo le dejaría a generaciones del futuro?
Bueno yo les aconsejaría que disfruten su vida porque solo tenemos una y es demasiado corta para concentrarnos en los ratos amargos que a veces tenemos que pasar. Que vivan una vida recta, alejándose de lo malo que ofrece este mundo y que no se metan en problemas. No se metan en vidas ajenas, que no les importe lo que la gente diga y vivan su vida.

¿Ay algo más que le gustaría agregar a esta entrevista?
¡Bueno, como cambia la tecnología! Yo cuando trabajaba en el cine, películas estaban en cintas my grandes y ahora uno puede hacer una película con solo tocar unas cuantas teclas en la computadora como tú lo has hecho con esta entrevista. Antes, teníamos proyectores gigantes en el cine equipados con una lámpara de carbón muy grande y potente para poder iluminar la cinta de la película. La tecnología ha cambiado mucho.

 

 

Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez and me Raul Isai Munoz at the Wax Museum in San Antonio Texas in front of The Alamo March 2009

 

 

ANALYSIS

The amount of information I learned from Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez was unbelievable. Thanks to the Oral History Project, I learned things about my grandfather that I did not know before and it also helped me understand him better as my grandfather and as a human being. I learned that every single person in this world has a story to tell and they are just waiting for someone to be willing to listen. The most important points of the interview are when he talked about how tragic his life was when he was very young and his involvement in the Mexican Military. What I learned about Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez, that I did not know before was that at his mother's funeral, in front of his mother's casket, his uncle told him not to forget that he had to pay him back the money that he spent on the burial. Manuel had just lost his mother only ten years after losing his father and all his uncle could think about was the money. My views on immigration did not change after the interview due to the fact that I am an immigrant myself. Many people see immigration as a problem to this country but I remind all of those who do, this is an immigrant country; most of us are here to make an honest living. Immigration is a very sensitive subject, many people have different opinions regarding the issue but I discovered that not everyone that moves to this country ends up with a more comfortable lifestyle most come to this country in search of a better future for their descendents. Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez used hang gestures, facial expressions, and different tones of voice which were capture in film to express his feelings. After the interview I went online to verify the stories that Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez told me. The benefit of learning about the past through oral history is that we get to learn about events that the person being interview witness which most of the time cannot be found in text books. The drawback about learning about the past through oral history is that the story is told from the interviewee's point of view and you get a bias story as opposed to getting a story from both sides of the subject. Overall, this is a very effective way of learning about the past because every individual has a story to tell that and the only one that can tell it is that same individual. If we do not take time to listen to the elderly their story will never be heard and forever lost. Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez's six word memoir is "Muy Pobre pero Alegre y Feliz" which can be translated to "Very Poor but Cheerful and Happy" and my six word memoir is "Young, Anxious to See the World."

 

 

TIMELINE

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • Olympics. Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez was in the Mexican Military when he was sent to Mexico City where the 1968 summer Olympics were being hosted. That same year at those Olympic Games is when Tommie Smith and John Carlos raised their fists for Black Power. This article was written by John Gettings and was published by Pearson Education, Inc on 2007.

  • El 2 de Octubre de 1968. Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez was serving in the Mexican Military when this occurred and was actually sent to stop the student's revolt. This story was produced by Joe Richman and Anayansi Diaz-Cortes of Radio Diaries Copyright 2009 NPR.

  • Chamizal. The Handbook of Texas online is a multidisciplinary encyclopedia of Texas history, geography, and culture sponsored by the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at UT-Austin. It was produced in partnership with the College of Liberal Arts and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. Copyright © The Texas State Historical Association.

  • El Rio Grande. The Rio Grande is the river the separates Mexico and the United States. The Rio Grande is the river that changed course moving Mexican land into American territory which leads to the long conflict which was settled in the 60's. Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez attended the historical moment when the Chamizal was given back to Mexico. © 2009 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.

  • Photographs and/or documents on this website were provided by Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez and Carmen Perez de Terrazas. The pictures were kept safely by Carmen, Manuel's wife in her closet with other important documents.

    PHOTO GALLERY

    Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez with La Banda de Guerra Nov. 1974 Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez, Carmen Perez Acosta, and their grandson Raul Isai Munoz Manuel Terrazasa Gonzalez far right, Carmen Perez Acosta far left, Manuel's daughter Alejandra Terrazas and her son Christopher Salayandia inside car, and Raul Isai Munoz, Manuel's grandson Raui Isai Munoz at a lake close to Dallas Texas

    Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez's Mexican Drivers License from 1975

    Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez's tarjeta de Seguro Social Who, What Where. When? Who, What Where. When?

    Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez's identification card for El Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Industria Cinematografica issued on feb. 21, 1986 The back part of Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez's identification card for El Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Industria Cinematografica issued on feb. 21, 1986 Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez's identification card for El Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Industria Cinematografica issued on Dec. 7, 1971

    Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez standidng next to The Terminator wax figure at the Wax Museum in San Antonio Texas on March 22, 2009 Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez standidng next to Marlyn Monroe's wax figure at the Wax Museum in San Antonio Texas on March 22, 2009 Manuel Terrazas Gonzalez with his grandkids at Lackland Air base on March 20, 2009

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